An engineering marvel in the heart of Mecca
Millions of pilgrims circumambulating the Kaaba wonder about the secret behind the coolness of the Mataf (circumambulation area) floor in the Grand Mosque, even on the hottest summer days when temperatures exceed 45 degrees Celsius. This phenomenon is not a coincidence or a miracle, but rather the result of meticulous engineering planning and the selection of unique materials, reflecting the exceptional care that the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia provides for the comfort of the pilgrims.
Greek Thassos marble: the key to coolness
The key lies in the type of marble used to cover the floors of the Grand Mosque in Mecca: the rare Thassos marble, specially imported from the island of Thassos in Greece. This marble possesses unique physical properties that make it the ideal choice for this task. Its brilliant white color reflects approximately 90% of the sunlight that falls upon it, unlike other dark-colored materials that absorb heat. Furthermore, Thassos marble has a fine porosity that allows it to absorb moisture at night and then slowly release it during the day, contributing to a natural cooling process for the surface.
Historical background: Continuous concern for the comfort of pilgrims
This feature was not a recent development, but rather part of a long series of expansion and development projects undertaken at the Grand Mosque in Mecca throughout history, particularly during the Saudi era. The idea of using this heat-reflective marble originated during the reign of King Khalid bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, and its use and application continued in all subsequent expansion projects, including the major Third Saudi Expansion during the reigns of King Abdullah bin Abdulaziz and King Salman bin Abdulaziz. This decision reflects a strategic vision aimed at utilizing the best global technologies and materials to serve the Two Holy Mosques and provide the utmost comfort for worshippers and those performing Tawaf (circumambulation of the Kaaba).
Project importance and global impact
The significance of this project lies in its direct impact on the experience of millions of Muslims worldwide. Circumambulating the Kaaba is a fundamental pillar of Hajj and Umrah, performed barefoot by Muslims. Providing a cool walking surface significantly reduces the risk of heat exhaustion and burns, offering a safe and comfortable environment, especially for the elderly and children. Internationally, this project demonstrates to the Muslim world and the global community the scale of the Kingdom's efforts and resources dedicated to serving the pilgrims, reinforcing its position as the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques. It is a prime example of how advanced engineering can be integrated with religious and spiritual requirements to create an ideal worship environment.
Integrated heat dissipation design
It's not just the type of marble that matters, but also the installation method and engineering. The marble slabs are cut to a thickness of up to 5 centimeters, thicker than usual, which increases their ability to insulate against heat coming from below. These slabs are installed on top of a layer of sand and insulating concrete without the use of an adhesive (such as cement), allowing for tiny air gaps that help dissipate any heat that might escape. This integrated system ensures the surface remains cool and comfortable around the clock, allowing pilgrims to perform their rituals with ease and tranquility.
