The Saudi Space Agency announced that it is intensifying its efforts to monitor increasing space phenomena, with a particular focus on solar flares expected to peak during 2025. This increased interest comes in light of the potential impacts of these phenomena on vital systems and technological infrastructure on Earth, including satellite communication networks, satellite operations, and the safety of air navigation systems.
Understanding the solar cycle and its peak in 2025
The Sun operates on an activity cycle that lasts approximately 11 years, during which it transitions from a period of relative calm (solar minimum) to a period of intense activity (solar maximum). We are currently in Solar Cycle 25, which scientists predict will reach its peak in 2025. During this peak, the number of sunspots on the Sun's surface increases, leading to a higher frequency of solar flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs), which are massive jets of plasma and magnetic field into space. When these jets travel toward Earth, they cause what is known as "space weather," which can have serious consequences.
Importance and expected impacts locally and internationally
The danger of increased solar activity lies in our modern world's complete reliance on technology. Powerful solar storms can cause significant damage to satellites in orbit, disrupting GPS services, television broadcasting, and international communications. They can also pose a threat to terrestrial power grids, potentially leading to widespread outages. Domestically, Saudi Arabia recognizes that achieving the goals of Vision 2030 depends heavily on a robust and stable digital infrastructure, making the protection of these assets from space weather threats a strategic priority.
A Saudi satellite to enhance monitoring capabilities
In a proactive move to enhance its capabilities, the Saudi Space Agency announced in May 2024 its plan to launch the first Saudi satellite dedicated to space weather monitoring. This ambitious project is a collaboration with the US space agency NASA and the National Industrial Development and Logistics Program (NIDLP), one of the programs for achieving the Kingdom's Vision 2030. The satellite will collect precise and vital data on solar activity, enabling relevant authorities and researchers to predict the effects of solar storms and take the necessary precautions to protect critical sectors. The agency emphasized the importance of strengthening international cooperation to ensure the provision of real-time and comprehensive data that will contribute to supporting various vital sectors not only in the Kingdom but also globally.
